The Concept of "Mabbalu Nabi" Among Traders of Bugis Bone: an Analysis of The Motives and Its Relevance to The Principles of The Prophet's Trade

Bugis Bone traders have a term known as "mabbalu' nabi." The term meaning is identified with "mabbalu’ nabi” because the goods are sold at a capital price or even below, then the term "mabbalu' prophet" is a term of sale and purchase that does not include concern profit (profit). Such a concept of buying and selling is irrelevant to the motives of buying and selling in economics. This problem has never been investigated by researchers before. This study is the first study to examine the conception, motives, implementation, and relevance of the term "mabbalu’ nabi” version of the Bugis Bone merchants with the Prophet's trade principles. The results showed that the conceptions and motives of the "mabbalu’ nabi” by Bugis Bone traders varied. Some were in line, and some were out of the Prophet Saw's trading principles consistent professional trader who did not confuse business affairs with afterlife affairs.


A. Introduction
For a long time, the Prophet Muhammad worked as a trader, both independently, and with the capital of other merchants. It is famous in Islamic history that when the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH.) collaborated with the capital owner of a wealthy and respectable woman, Khadijah. In carrying out his business, the Prophet was praised by Khadija because it was carried out honestly, trusted (amanah), and responsible so that he got quite a lot of profit. He benefited more than his uncle Abu Talib had gotten while working for Khadijah. Because of this, Khadijah was happy and interested to marry him. 1 The Prophet Muhammad, in addition to being known as an honest and trustworthy (amanah) known as a generous person, likes to give to people who need help. Therefore, the Prophet's charity nature was also applied when he worked as a seller in the form of selling goods at the price of capital or below the price of capital to help buyers. If you want to buy those, you are the one who needs help. Then there is the possibility of buying and selling like that which came to be known as the "mabbalu' nabi" version of the Bugis Bone traders.
Based on preliminary studies by interviewing several Bugis Bone traders, almost all said they had heard the term "mabbalu' nabi." They also claimed to understand the purpose of the term. Their conceptions (understanding, thoughts) about the term "mabbalu' nabi" are, in principle, the same; sale and purchase carried out by selling goods at a capital price or even below the capital price.
However, it still needs to be further investigated for other conceptions caused by differences in their educational levels.
The motives that encouraged them to buy and sell in this way amanah) were found in the meantime two motives. Firstly, it mainly intends to help underprivileged buyers, their families, or close friends. Secondly, it is done to avoid higher losses due to goods not sold, so that they can be damaged, especially items that cannot stand for long time storage. A "mabbalu' nabi"transaction can occur because of one of the two motives or both. Next, we will examine the possibility of other motives that encourage the "mabbalu' nabi" by Bugis Bone traders.
If the conception of the "mabbalu' nabi" is identified with "mabbalu' rugi"because the goods are sold at a capital price or even below, then the term "mabbalu' nabi"is a buying and selling term that is not concerned with profit (profit). Such a conception of buying and selling is not relevant to the principles of buying and selling in economics. Therefore, in principle, the sale and purchase of importance are the benefits derived from the difference between the sales price and the purchase price, where the selling price must be higher than the purchase price. If the opposite occurs, it will result in losses. Even the selling price must be determined after calculating the costs incurred, including transportation costs and labor costs.
It has been mentioned in many literatures states that the Prophet's success in getting huge profits is not solely due to selling goods at prices higher than his capital, but also because the Prophet in buying and selling always practices the principles of honesty, trustworthiness, and responsibility. Thus, benefits in an association can be achieved, and the emergence of mudharat can be prevented. 2 Thus, it is necessary to further examine the relevance of the conception of "mabbalu' nabi," as mentioned above, with the principles of the Prophet Muhammad's buying and selling. The term carries the ProphetProphet's name, so his understanding affects the image and reputation of the Prophet, if the meaning of "mabbalu' nabi"understood by the community is proper. In a sense, being relevant to the sunnah of the Prophet, then it is natural to rely on the Prophet, but if the meaning of "mabbalu 'prophet" which is understood by the community is terrible, in the sense of irrelevance of the sunnah of the Prophet, then there must be an effort to correct it.
The urgency of the research is to put the problem in its place, so that the term "mabbalu' nabi"does not seem to carry a bad brand image of the Prophet's reputation, namely that the term "mabbalu' nabi" means, "lost sell" because merchandise is sold at the price of capital or even below the price of capital. If there is an error in the meaning of the Bugis Bone trader regarding the term partners and consumers. These three principles are the basic principles that can still be developed or translated into several other detailed principles and implementation of the three main principles.

Purchase Of The Prophet Muhammad
Many traditions related to the principles of buying and selling of the Prophet Muhammad. The traditions can be seen in the following pieces of evidence.
First, the existence of the principle applies honestly in buying and selling.   Fourth, the principle of avoiding buying and selling something unclear (gharar) Fourth, the principle of volunteerism in buying and selling. Fifth, the principle of providing convenience and doing good in buying and selling Sixth, the principle of avoiding much swearing in buying and selling.
Meaning: From Qatadah al-Anshary that he heard the Messenger of Allah said: Stay away from many swearing-in buying and selling because he will inherit merchandise and then eliminate his blessings (HR. Muslim).
Seventh, the principle of avoiding usury in buying and selling Meaning: From Jabir bin Abdullah he said: Rasulullah Saw cursed usurious eaters, who fed it, its authors, and its witnesses. All of them are the same (HR. Muslim).  The principle of monotheism is the most fundamental principle. This principle gave birth to all the other principles. If these principles are to be solidified, they will crystallize into one principle, namely the principle of monotheism. The belief in Allah leads to obedience in carrying out His laws in muamalah. This obedience continues to be maintained from generation to generation by Muslims so that Islamic norms become living laws in society (the existing law). 40

E. The Concept Of "Mabbalu Nabi" Among The Bugis Bone
Based on field study, data shows that "mabbalu' nabi"among the Bugis in Bone gives us new insights, among others. First, it is about knowledge aspects.
Most Bugis Bone traders claim to know the meaning of the term "mabbalu' nabi." The percentage comparison of the answers is in   Third, it is about the conception aspect. The Bugis Bone merchant's conception of the term "mabbalu' nabi" is varied. However, Bugis Bone traders generally understand the term "mabbalu prophet" in the sense of "selling goods honestly." Not many people understand it by the meaning of "selling goods at the price of capital or under capital." As can be seen in the results of the questionnaire table data. doing "mabbalu nabi" is to get the afterlife's reward, not to get practical benefits.
For example, this is done if you see the condition of buyers who are not or less able or families who deserve to be helped.
There are also informants mentioning other motives. For example, according to AbdMajid 49 and H AbdGani 50 That as an alternative strategy to avoid losses that are more significant. For example, when selling papaya or bananas or other items that cannot stand for a long time. When taken to the market and then not sold, then rather than being taken home, the risk of loss is higher because it can be damaged in the car (the road), or when it arrives at home just like that and rot, it is better to sell their goods at a lower price; consequently, there would be no more losses. Then, according to Darwis 51 ,Muliadi 52 , and NimbaDaengPasore 53 , The motive is to help those who are less fortunate, family, or friends, hoping that they will get blessings from Allah so that their trade can increase later.
According to Harun 54 and H Jamal 55 , The motive is as a strategy to keep customers from moving to other traders, as well as to increase the number of new customers. Some goods are sold cheaply (or on its capital), but there are other items already sold profit, which profits can cover the loss of goods sold cheaply earlier. However, a small profit from each item accumulatively will get a lot of profit because many goods are sold-another opinion coined by other merchants-for example, Aminuddin 56 Who has a similar opinion with AbdMajid and H AbdGani, that the motive is as a strategy so that old goods (old stock) can be sold even with the price of capital, rather than staying or stored, it is troublesome for maintenance, and the price will go down because it is out of date, especially apparel goods.
Another opinion coined by M Dahlan 57 , Who maintains that the motive for doing "mabbalu' nabi"is because of the pressure of conditions, there is an element of compulsion, because the seller needs cash for his urgent needs. Therefore, the goods are forced to sell at the price of capital (cheap). For example, to pay debt bills to suppliers of goods (kanpas cars), children's education costs, medical expenses, telephone or water or electricity bills, or other consumption needs, with the hope that tomorrow or the day after tomorrow, there will be goods sold for profit.
H Kusayeng, Atjo, and Syahruddin argued that "mabbalu' nabi"is mainly to sell goods by not taking too much or multiplied profits, but with reasonable profits.
However, the two of them differed on their motives. According to H. Kusayeng 58 , The motive he did was for the seller and buyer to be both happy (satisfied) that no party felt disadvantaged (cheated). The price of goods is affordable and feasible for buyers, so they are interested in subscribing. At the same time, the seller will be trusted in setting prices, buying, and selling to bring blessings to both parties.

G. Implementation Of"Mabbalu Nabi"
The implementation of the "mabbalu' nabi" way is closely related to the Bugis Bone merchant conception of the term "mabbalu' nabi" itself. Traders who understand the term using "selling at the price of capital (selling losses) with various motives, claim that it is usually done, but only occasionally (not often) depending on trading conditions. It is impossible to continue because it will cause bankruptcy (stuck trading). Statements such as this were made among others by Hamzah 64 and NimbaDaengPasore 65 .
According to Darwis 66  Interestingly, this study also found two other terms that are closely related to the terms "mabbalu' nabi," namely "mabbalu' maleka" and "mabbalu' billisi." H Jamal 68 , Muhajir 69 , Moreover, Atjo explained that the three terms hierarchically rank in this way.
First, "mabbalu' maleka" sells goods with a level of transparency and honesty that reaches 100%. The state of goods, capital, and profits is conveyed as clearly as possible to the buyer, in no way contains the elements of lies. According to these merchants,there would be no merchants can do that.Second, "mabbalu'

The Principles Of Buying Prophets Of Prophet Muhammad Saw
This study's questionnaire data shows that 97% of the informants stated that the emergence of the term "mabbalu' nabi"is relevant to the principles of the sale and purchase of the Prophet Muhammad. The remaining 3% of informants said there was no relevance to the principles of the sale and purchase of the Prophet Muhammad. Meanwhile, based on interview data, all informants interviewed said that the term "mabbalu' nabi"has been known and existed for a long time. Nevertheless, no data is found about the historical background that underlies the emergence of the term. Likewise, there must be changes in historical accounts.However, all informants interviewed stated that the essential naming of the term "mabbalu' nabi"is relevant to the principles of sale and purchase carried out by the Prophet Muhammad. The relevance that is intended by them is in accordance with their respective conceptions of understanding the term itself.
Merchants who understand the term "mabbalu' nabi" in the sense of selling goods honestly, as did the Prophet Muhammad, said that the location of relevance is the factor of honesty itself. An honest trader is said to be a "mabbalu' nabi" merchant. Honesty is the basis for naming the term "mabbalu' nabi," among others, stated by Muhajir 73 . According to him, because the Prophet Muhammad was known to be very honest in trading, so the Prophet always mentioned that if 73 Muhajir, merchant, "interview,' Watampone, 4 July 2019. the goods were defective, the capital was also mentioned, and the benefits he would get. Herein lies the relevance so that the term "mabbalu' nabi" appears.
However, Muhajir admitted that he himself was not aware of any authentic narration (hadith) from the Prophet Muhammad, who supported his statement. However, he said he often heard the problem from the teacher, religious teacher, or others. A similar statement was made by Muhammad Hayat 74 .Meanwhile, according to Hamza 75 , The location of its relevance is because the Prophet Muhammad in buying and selling was not solely worldly profitoriented, but also profit-oriented (reward) ukhrawi. Sometimes, the Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. sells his goods at the price of capital to help people, especially those who are less able. The Prophet (PBUH) did such a thing to get the reward in the hereafter. So the ukhrawi's orientation factor lies in its relevance to the term "mabbalu' nabi." Similar statements were made by Darwis, Harun, Muliadi, NimbaDaengPasore, and Aminuddin. To highlight our concise understanding, the following table explains how the "mabbalu' nabi" emerged. Finally, the reason given by informants who say that the term "mabbalu' nabi" has no relevance to the principles of the sale and purchase of the Prophet Muhammad is because the term is only a "lecco-leccoada,"or "elle' kelle,'" that is, it is an idiom or joke used in joking. Therefore, the use of the term "mabbalu' nabi"contains an understanding that is contrary to the principles of the sale and purchase of the Prophet Muhammad, that is, the meaning intended by the trader who brought it up is "pretentious in selling" by stating the condition and quality of goods, capital, and the benefits, when in fact a merchant is lying 76 .

I. Conclusion
Bugis Bone traders have different concepts about the meaning of the term "mabbalu' nabi." Their different concepts can be categorized into three groups.
First, "mabbalu' nabi" became an exemplary from the Prophet (uswah al-hasanah) is "mabbalu' nabi," i.e., selling by applying the trading principles that practiced by the Prophet Muhammad when working as a trader. Second, "mabbalu' nabi"as a "trading strategy" predominantly avoids the possibility of higher losses. There is also to increase the number of customers so that even though there are some goods sold for capital (loss), accumulative trading is still profitable. Finally, "mabbalu' nabi" became an idiom or joke language used in a jokingly way.
Like to help underprivileged buyers, family, or friends. There is also use it as a sign of gratitude to God for having previously benefited. Then, some traders interpret it 76 Baharuddin, merchant, "interview," Watampone, 18 September 2019.
to avoid more significant losses. There is also trust as a way to increase customers. Some traders practice because they need money for urgent needs. This study shows that the most important data on the practice of the "mabbalu' nabi"with the motive to follow the way of buying and selling carried out by the Prophet