Historical Dynamics and Intellectual Networks of Pesantrens in Bangka Belitung Island Province in The Year 1930-2020

The focus of this article is to find out the historical dynamics and intellectual network of pesantren in Bangka. The research method is the historical method of Kuntowijoyo's theory. The result of the research is that the dynamics of the history of Islamic boarding schools in the province of the Bangka Belitung archipelago began with traditional Islamic educational institutions, namely reciting the Koran, then Arabic schools and then developing into Islamic boarding schools. The historical range of the growth of the Islamic boarding school is in accordance with the path of Islamization and the traditional characteristics of Bangka Islam. Meanwhile, the intellectual network of the pesantren of the Bangka community started from the Mecca and Middle East networks around the 1910s. Then the network shifted to its own country, which spread to parts of Sumatra, East Java, West Java and Kalimantan as well as the island of Bangka itself in the decade of the New Order era until post-reformation around the 1970s until now.


A. Introduction
One of the unique 1 characteristics of traditional Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, perhaps even in the world, is Islamic boarding schools because of their survival from time to time, then as the center of change 2 and the education system 3 . Islamic boarding schools contain the meaning of Indonesian authenticity (indigenous) from a historical point of view so that they are identical with the meaning of Islam an sich. Therefore, discourse on pesantren is a space and discourse that is still worthy of being studied, studied, and presented in every generation in every era. Almost in all parts of Indonesia, there are Islamic boarding schools in villages, villages, cities, sub-districts, districts, provinces, and even the capital, so that Islamic boarding schools play a role in the intellectual life of the state and nation within the framework of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia. In this context, the island of Bangka also has Islamic boarding schools that have contributed a lot to the development of human beings who are knowledgeable, have good morals, and do good deeds for the socio-religious development of the people on this island. Bangka Island, the province of the Bangka Belitung archipelago, is a new province that combines two islands, namely Bangka Island and Belitung Island, with an area of 16,424.06 km2. 4 This area is ethnic Malay, called the Bangka Belitung Malays, who can live side by side with anyone. 5 "The Malays of Bangka Belitung have accompanied the process of Islamization that took place on this island which was formed in one Bangka Malay custom who are the original 1 The uniqueness in question is the only traditional Islamic educational institution owned by Indonesia that can survive despite the currents of change and modernization of Islamic education in various regions of the Muslim world and still survive in carrying out its khittah, namely tafaqquh fi addiin. 2 Manfred Ziemek, Pesantren dalam Perubahan Sosial, (Jakarta: P3M, 1986), p. 2 3 Along with the course of history, that the education system of Islamic boarding schools underwent changes or distortions which from the beginning carried out the traditional education system (salafiyah), although later turned into a blend of traditional and modern (comprehensive), then changed it to a modern education system (kholafiyah or 'ashriyah). However, the boarding school education system will never fade from its traditional color (salafiyah) in its material content and approach. 4

E. Intellectual Network of Islamic Boarding Schools in Bangka Belitung
Province Discourse on intellectual networks or intellectual chains of pesantren.
Dhofier explained that building the solidity of the intellectual chains can be done through the following three practical ways; "First, develop the tradition that the closest family must become a strong cadre or candidate as a substitute for the leadership of the pesantren. Second, developing the endogamous principle, namely a network of marriage alliances between the kyai's family. 24

F. Conclusion
The historical journey of institutional boarding schools in the province of the Bangka Belitung islands has been dynamically continuous from the preindependence period to the post-reformation period. This historical span has lasted for almost 160 years until now. It still exists to take part amid the plurality of the people of Bangka Belitung. A traditional Islamic education institution for the Bangka community, namely the Sitting and reading the Koran. Then later changed the system to a classical system in the form of an Arabic school or madrasah.
Departing from the classical Arab schools or madrasahs system by combining several madrasas such as TPA, MDA, MI, MTs, and MA into Islamic boarding schools.
Based on the historical dynamics of traditional Islamic educational institutions (reciting the Koran sitting/reciting the scriptures) and then Arabic schools/madrasah, this is the formation of Islamic boarding schools in the archipelagic province of Bangka Belitung. The institutional hierarchy indeed refers to the intellectual network process that occurs. The intellectual network was interwoven and formed from scholars who learned from Mecca and the Middle East, such as Shaykh Abdurrahman Siddik. Then after that is the network of the Bangka community who went on the pilgrimage last night by settling in a city as holy as Makkah and the Middle East to study. It was from them that the intellectual