RIZAL MULYA ARIF; RAHMA NISA; ZAIDI SEIF ALLAH. THE PARADOX OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USAGE IN HIGHER EDUCATION: BETWEEN ENHANCING LEARNING EFFECTIVENESS AND THE DECLINE OF STUDENTS CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS. Tadbir: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, [S. l.], v. 13, n. 2, p. 472–489, 2025. DOI: 10.30603/tjmpi.v13i2.6803. Disponível em: https://journal.iaingorontalo.ac.id/index.php/tjmpi/article/view/6803. Acesso em: 24 aug. 2025.