Kualitas Audit dan Mitigasi Bias Kognitif Investor: Tinjauan Sistematis Berbasis Teori Sinyal dan Keagenan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30603/ab.v22i1.7542Kata Kunci:
Kualitas Audit, Bias Kognitif, Keuangan Keprilakuan, Pengambilan Kepurusan Investasi, Hal Penting AuditAbstrak
Studi ini meneliti kualitas audit sebagai mekanisme tata kelola eksternal yang mengurangi bias kognitif investor di pasar modal. Menantang asumsi investor rasional dalam keuangan tradisional, literatur keuangan perilaku mendokumentasikan bahwa keputusan investasi sering kali terdistorsi oleh bias psikologis seperti kepercayaan diri yang berlebihan, perilaku ikut-ikutan, dan disonansi kognitif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis dan menjelaskan bagaimana kualitas audit mengurangi asimetri informasi dan membatasi perilaku investor irasional dengan mengintegrasikan Teori Sinyal, Teori Keagenan, dan Keuangan Perilaku. Menggunakan pendekatan SLR, penelitian ini menganalisis studi empiris dan konseptual yang ditinjau oleh rekan sejawat yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2015 dan 2025, yang bersumber dari jurnal yang diindeks Scopus, Web of Science, Emerald Insight, ScienceDirect, dan SINTA.
Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan pola yang konsisten di seluruh literatur: kualitas audit yang tinggi mengurangi bias kognitif investor melalui tiga mekanisme utama. Pertama, kualitas audit meningkatkan kredibilitas dan ketepatan informasi keuangan, sehingga mengurangi ketidakpastian dan melemahkan perilaku ikut-ikutan. Kedua, pemantauan auditor yang efektif mendisiplinkan kepercayaan diri manajerial yang berlebihan dan membatasi transmisi bias optimis dari manajemen kepada investor. Ketiga, peningkatan transparansi audit—khususnya melalui pengungkapan KAM—memaksa investor untuk menghadapi informasi risiko yang terverifikasi, mengurangi disonansi kognitif dan bias konfirmasi. Temuan ini menempatkan kualitas audit bukan hanya sebagai alat kepatuhan, tetapi sebagai mekanisme tata kelola perilaku yang mendukung keputusan investasi rasional dan meningkatkan efisiensi pasar, khususnya dalam konteks pasar negara berkembang.
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